{"id":67,"date":"2019-04-17T10:10:22","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T09:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/?page_id=67"},"modified":"2021-03-17T12:44:23","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T11:44:23","slug":"the-history-of-soroptimist-international","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/","title":{"rendered":"Soroptimist History"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The First Soroptimist Club:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-29\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si1-300x223.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si1-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si1.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>On <strong>June 21st 1921<\/strong>, the historic first meeting of the Members Committee met at the Hotel Oakland to officially launch the first Soroptimist club (Soroptimist Club of Alameda County) the first members in Soroptimist history<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The core group met once a week and in three short months they had gathered the support of 80 women in Alameda County, California, which was the number stipulated as minimum to form a charter club.<\/p>\n<p>Read more about the Early History on SI Founder Region website<a href=\"https:\/\/si-founderregion.org\/history\"> click here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/2.-Where-it-all-started-Oakland-1921.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-8400\" src=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/2.-Where-it-all-started-Oakland-1921-300x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/2.-Where-it-all-started-Oakland-1921-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/2.-Where-it-all-started-Oakland-1921.jpg 839w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The presentation of the Charter and the officer installation ceremony for the Soroptimist Club of Alameda County took place in formal style at the Hotel Oakland on <strong>October 3rd 1921<\/strong> in Oakland, California \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.soroptimistinternational.org\/about-us\/history\/\">Link to Soroptimist International History website<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Programme Action &#8211; The First Project<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-342\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/yosemite-redwood-free-jpg-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"143\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/yosemite-redwood-free-jpg-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/yosemite-redwood-free-jpg.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 143px) 100vw, 143px\" \/>One of the major projects undertaken by the Oakland Club concerned the environment with legislative advocacy to <strong>\u201cSave the Redwoods\u201d<\/strong>&#8211; the great ancient trees which were being felled unmercifully. Soroptimists lobbied the legislature, took on the powerful lumber companies, and gained public support for the project.<\/p>\n<p>The result was that the major portion of the redwoods was set aside in a protected reserve and still stands today, The Redwood Grove was subsequently purchased by Soroptimists <!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/si-founderregion.org\/memorial-grove\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Click here to read more about the Redwood Grove.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Violet Richardson Ward<\/strong>,<\/h3>\n<p>Founder President of Soroptimist&#8217;s first club in Alameda County and the first Soroptimist President at the podium during the ceremony dedicating a tree in her name at the Redwood Memorial Grove in 1971, and later spending a time of reflection with &#8220;Her Tree&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/1833789.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-553\" src=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/1833789.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"251\" \/><\/a>Violet Richardson Ward&#8217;s lifetime Motto was\u00a0&#8220;It&#8217;s what you do that counts&#8221; which sums up Our Work as Soroptimists &#8211; Programme Action<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/violet-richardson-ward\/\"><strong><u>Click here to read more about her\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/a><b>motto and other &#8220;Memories of Violet Richardson-Ward&#8221; written by her daughter in law Mimi Ward<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>This early action set the precedent for future Soroptimist involvement in legislative advocacy, and its subsequent relationship with the United Nation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>This was the original intent of service and is the way it has progressed in all Federations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h3>Bristol England 1920 &#8211; Venture Clubs<\/h3>\n<p>While discussions regarding a Soroptimist Club were taking place in 1920 in Oakland, the idea for a similar service club was being discussed in <strong>Bristol England<\/strong>. The Officers of the Bristol Rotary Club invited prominent women to a meeting, as a result of which, the <strong>&#8220;Venture Club&#8221;<\/strong> was formed in 1920 with a motto of &#8220;Looking Further&#8221; &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-early-years\/\">Read more about Venture Clubs and the link with Soroptimists here <\/a>The purpose of the Venture Clubs is very much in line with the purpose of Soroptimists, but neither organisation was at this time aware of the other&#8217;s existence. However in 1930 Soroptimist and Venture clubs did unite which makes Bristol club the oldest club in SIGBI celebrating 100 years in 2020.<\/p>\n<h3>Worldwide Expansion of Soroptimist International<\/h3>\n<p>In 1923 two years after the first Soroptimist club was formed in America, the <strong>Greater London Club was formed in Great Britain, <\/strong>and in 1924\u00a0<strong>Dr. Suzanne\u00a0No\u00ebl\u00a0<\/strong>a prominent French cosmetic surgeon, was the founding President of the <strong>Soroptimist club in Paris<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Establishing Soroptimist Clubs in Great Britain and Ireland, the early years &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/sigbi-soroptimist-international-greatbritain-ireland-history\/establishing-clubs-in-great-britain\/\">Click here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Establishing Soroptimist Clubs In Europe\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/establishing-soroptimist-clubs-in-europe\/\">click here:<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>First Soroptimist World Conference June 1928:<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-332 aligncenter\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si-world-300x74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"669\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si-world-300x74.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si-world-768x188.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si-world.jpg 982w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Conference was held in Washington DC in 1928 and at this conference the United States and Canada formed the American Federation SIA and clubs already established in Great Britain, France, Holland and Italy formed the European Federation SIE.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Other significant milestones at this conference: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The decision that Soroptimist International conventions be held every four years from 1930 \u00a0onwards. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>The constitution was agreed. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>The representative body would comprise the Presidents and Vice Presidents of the two Federations.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>The &#8220;Soroptimist Emblem&#8221; was adopted for all members \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/the-soroptimist-emblem\/\">Read more about the Soroptimist Emblem here<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Soroptimist International of America (SIA) 1930<\/h3>\n<p>The search for a Soroptimist \u2018creed\u2019 began six months prior to the 1930 convention of Soroptimist International Americas. The delegates chose to defer making a decision for another six months so that each club could receive copies of the proposed creeds to make an informed decision. Ethel Knight Pollard, director of Midwestern\/South Atlantic regions, noted \u201cwe want a creed that we can use and work b<span class=\"textexposedshow\">y and live by, not one that will simply be printed and stuck away to get dusty and have no use to us.\u201d Read more about the<\/span><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/soroptimist-pledge\/\"><b>Soroptimist Pledge here<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Soroptimist International Convention Paris 1934<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-340\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Convention-1934-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Convention-1934-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Convention-1934.jpg 656w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/>Members from the two Federations SIA &amp; SIE met in Paris during the summer of 1934 at the 1st Soroptimist International Convention, where the presiding officer was Dr Suzanne No\u00ebl.\u00a0Dr\u00a0No\u00ebl was so anxious to welcome delegates from America and England to this convention in their own language that she spent 3 months learning English &#8211; she told delegates that it was the greatest sign of friendship she could give them. <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/establishing-soroptimist-clubs-in-europe\/\">Read more about Suzanne No\u00ebl here:<\/a><\/p>\n<p>At this Convention<span class=\"apple-converted-space\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><strong>Elizabeth Hawes<\/strong><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>was given the role of<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><strong>Soroptimist International Liaison Office<\/strong>r &#8211;<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/elizabeth-hates-first-international-liaison-secretary\/\"><strong>Click here to read more about her interesting story.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Much of the time at this Convention was spent discussing <strong>&#8220;The Professional Position of Women&#8221; and achieving gender equality<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It was at the Paris Convention that a new Federation was born &#8211; <strong>Soroptimist International of Great Britain &amp; Ireland (SIGBI) &#8211; \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/sigbi-soroptimist-international-greatbritain-ireland-history\/\">read more about SIGBI here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Soroptimist International Conventions<\/h3>\n<p>SI Conventions have been held every 4 years as agreed at the 1st World Conference, apart from the WW11 years between 1938 &#8211; 1948.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/soroptimist-international-conventions1934-2019\/\"><strong>Click here for a list of Soroptimist International Conventions from 1934 to 2019<\/strong> <\/a>&#8211; dates and countries where they were held.<\/p>\n<h3>Soroptimist International Federation Great Britain &amp; Ireland SIGBI<\/h3>\n<p><strong>The Federation of Great Britain &amp; Ireland was established in 1934<\/strong> when Britain split away from the rest of Europe and became the third Federation of Soroptimist International after America and Europe. Margaret Adams then recently elected as President of the National Union of GB became the first President of the Federation of Great Britain &amp; Ireland.\u00a0Extension progressed rapidly and in June 1935 it was decided to form Divisional Unions.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/sigbi-soroptimist-international-greatbritain-ireland-history\/\"><strong>Read more about the History of SIGBI here:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Soroptimist International Convention Atlantic City 1938<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In the summer of <strong>1938<\/strong> members from the three Federations met at the <strong>International Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey,<\/strong>\u00a0this was the largest Soroptimist gathering to date, and the last International meeting be held before World War 11. <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/soroptimist-international-convention-1938\/\"><strong>Read more about the Atlantic City Convention here:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si3-300x154.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si3-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si3.jpg 395w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Soroptimists Work in Difficult Times<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>During and after the First World War, woman achieved greatness. However, the Second World War was to show them at their very best. <a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/worldwide-soroptimists-working-together-in-2ndworld-war\/\"><strong>Read more about Worldwide Soroptimists working together through World War 11 here:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-32\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si4-300x221.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"348\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si4-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/si4.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The Turning Point 1952<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-351\" src=\"\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/pages-convention-1952-211x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/pages-convention-1952-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/pages-convention-1952.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/>1952 was a real turning point for International Soroptimists. At this time there were 841 Clubs in 22 countries with over 25000 members.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The International Convention 1952<\/strong> was held\u2028 in Copenhagen \u2028and after three days of exciting\u2028 reports from the three Federations, the Laws were changed and the first <strong>INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT<\/strong> was elected <strong>Mrs GERTRUDE G. HUITT<\/strong> past President of Federation of the Americas and the first <strong>INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mrs Huitt says \u201cWhat an honour it was to be the first International President, however \u00a0it was <strong>Madeliene Garot past President of SIE\u00a0<\/strong> who had first talked about the need for\u00a0officers, so that Soroptimist International could qualify with the United Nations for Consultative Status<strong>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Soroptimist work with the United Nations had begun:<\/h3>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/the-turning-point-soroptimist-work-with-the-united-nations\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5306\" src=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/united-nations-3760656_1920-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"578\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/united-nations-3760656_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/united-nations-3760656_1920.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/the-turning-point-soroptimist-work-with-the-united-nations\/\">Read more about the Turning Point and Soroptimist work with the United Nations here:<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h3>Soroptimist International South West Pacific \u2013\u00a04th Federation<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Unknown-1-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-7654\" src=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Unknown-1-2-225x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Unknown-1-2-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/Unknown-1-2.jpeg 756w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>Soroptimist International Sydney club received its charter in 1937 <span lang=\"EN-US\">Founder President<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><strong>Edith Glanville &#8211;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/edith-glanville-founder-president-of-1st-club-in-australia\/\"><span class=\"apple-converted-space\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/edith-glanville-founder-president-of-1st-club-in-australia\/\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Click here to read more about Edith Glanville<\/span><\/a>\u00a0The Federation of Great Britain and Ireland (SIGBI) claimed this fledgling club. World War II added confusion to the operation of the club, as contact with the British Federation was severely hampered.<\/p>\n<p>It was not until 1978 that\u00a0the 4th Federation \u2013 Soroptimist International of the South West Pacific was formed, what a joyous occasion this was. \u00a0The inauguration ceremony of the Federation of the South West Pacific was held in Adelaide at Easter in 1978, such a great moment when SI President Hilda Richardson handed over the Charter of the Federation of the South West Pacific to Her Excellency, Maris King and invested her with the Insignia of SISWP \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.siswp.org\/Centennial.html\">Read more about the History of SISWP here<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Soroptimist International &#8211; The Fifth Federation is born &#8211; 7th July 2020<\/h3>\n<h4>Soroptimist International Africa Federation SIAF<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/IMG-20200419-WA0058-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-7651\" src=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/IMG-20200419-WA0058-1-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/IMG-20200419-WA0058-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/files\/IMG-20200419-WA0058-1.jpg 756w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>Soroptimist International President, Sharon Fisher welcomes the incoming SIAF President Connie Mutuhnu of SI Vabatsiri (Zimbabwe), and the new SIAF Board, saying: <em>\u201cI am thrilled to announce a true milestone in the history and future of our global organisation. As we approach our 100th year \u2013 our \u2018bright past and brilliant future\u2019 will take the spotlight \u2013 a time for all to recognise and reflect on our journey, and to celebrate the days to come. The Soroptimist International Africa Federation speaks and advocates for women and girls in Africa; committed to closing the gender gap, and accelerating opportunity and change for women and girls in health, education, and empowerment. I would like to take this opportunity to thank and applaud all those who have worked so tirelessly, with passion and astonishing commitment, paving the way to this glorious achievement; we support you, we are with you, and we join you in your celebrations today\u201d.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.soroptimistinternational.org\/new-beginnings-the-soroptimist-international-africa-federation\/?fbclid=IwAR1uHabSn4eVTVSlHw6Btns8kPi7GtPaYxpKnIxI6GH_zdFvGINA4wYSWkg\">Read more from Soroptimist International<\/a><\/h4>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] The First Soroptimist Club: On June 21st 1921, the historic first meeting of the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":559,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":25,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Soroptimist History | Soroptimist International Centenary 2021 | SIGBI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SIGBI : Soroptimist International Centenary 2021 : Soroptimist History : Soroptimist International Centenary 2021 is part of a worldwide organisation of women, find more information regarding the Soroptimist History here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sigbi.org\/soroptimistcentenary2021\/the-history-of-soroptimist-international\/\" \/>\n<meta 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